Remember, in jazz we often enhance the chords we play by adding different extensions. You now have some experience working with 6ths, 7ths, and 9ths. You can extend any chord with 11ths and 13ths in exacly the same way. After you learn some of these, try substituting them for other chords. It takes a little while to develop an ear for someof these sounds, but give it time and you will grow into them.
In other to contruct some of these bigger chords, we sometimes have to eliminate some notes. Roots, 5ths and 9ths can be dropped in various combinations. Whu can we do this? the combination of remaining voices can actually inmply the missing sounds. As with all rules, there are exceptions, but it is generally not a good idea to drop 3rds and 7ths because these are the tones that define major, minor and dominant chords.
In the following chord types, do not drop:
Major............3, 7
Minor...........b3, 7
Dominant.....3, b7
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Minor 11th Chords
The formula for a minor 11th chord (min11) is Root-b3-5-b7-9-11. In the key of F that's F-Ab-C-Eb-G-Bb. In A it's A-C-E-G-B-D.
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Dominant 11th Chords
The formula for a dominant 11th chord (11) is Root-3-5-b7-9-11. In Bb that's Bb-D-F-Ab-C-Eb.
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Major 13th Chords
The formula for a major 13th chord (Maj 13) is Root-3-5-7-9-13. In C that's C-E-G-B-D-A. Usually, there is no 11th in this chord because it would clash with the 3rd.
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Minor 13th Chords
The formula for a minor 13th chord (min13) is Root-b3-5-b7-9-13. In the key of Ab that's
Ab-Cb-Eb-Gb-Bb-F.
Major Add9 Chords
A major add9 chord (add9 or Maj add9) produces a nice substitute for a plain major chord. It is simply a major triad with a 9th added: Root-3-5-9. In Eb that's Eb-G-Bb-F.
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Minor Add9 Chords
Minor add9 chords (min add9) can replace plan minor chords. The formula is Root-b3-5-9. In E that's E-G-B-F#.
Dominant 13th Chords
The formula for a dominant 13th chord (13) is Root-3-5-b7-9-13. In D that's D-F#-A-C-E-B.
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Min7b5 (Half Diminised) Chords
Minor 7b5 chords (min7b5) are also commonly called half-diminised chords (b7), and thry key are constructed by adding b7 to the diminised triad. The formula is Root-b3-b5-b7. In C that's C-Eb-Gb-Bb.
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Diminished 7th Chords
Diminished 7th chords (dim7) are also built from diminished triads. Root-b3-b5-b7. The double-flat indicates that the 7th should be lowered two half steps (a whole step). In the key of G it's spelled G-Bb-Db-Fb.
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Dominant 7th Suspended Chords
The formula for a dominant 7 th suspended chords (7 sus4, sometimes referred to as a "sus" chord) is Root-4-5-b7. In F that's F-Bb-C-Eb.
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Minor(Maj7) Chords
Minor(maj7) are minor triads with natural 7th. They are found in minor chord progressions. The formula for min(Maj7) chords is Root-b3-5-7. In the key of A that's A-C-E-G#.
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Dominant 7th Augmented Chords
Dominant 7th Augmented chord (7aug) chord are built by adding b7 to the augmented triad: Root-3-#5-b7. In B that's B-D#-F#-A. Raise the note two half steps (one whole step).
